Flat Earth Origins: The Michelson Morley Experiments & Einstein “The Earth Mover” Scientific Proof of FE ~ The Michelson Morley Experiments These experiments were so spot on convincing and repeatable, that Einstein was invented as a rebuttal and an answer. These experiments have NEVER been disproved – 130 years later. Einstein’s THEORY has never been proven – it remains only a mishmash of mathematical goulash.
Transcript of Flat Earth Origins: The Michelson Morley Experiments & Einstein %22The Earth Mover%22
in his 1881 and 1887 experiments albert michelson discovered the earth was not
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moving around the sun as michaelson himself described the results of his experiment
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this conclusion directly contradicts the explanation which presupposes that the earth moves
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but since his colleagues including albert einstein were die-hard copernicans who didn’t want to believe that
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michelson had discovered a motionless earth they proposed his experimental apparatus was distorted by earth’s motion through
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space and thus michelson’s apparatus only made it appear as if the earth wasn’t moving
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in scientific parlance we call this the fallacy of petitio principia that is using his proof a moving earth
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the very thing one is trying to prove a moving earth let me explain
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the first light beam was pointed westward because it was the presumed direction of the earth’s movement around the sun
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the second light beam was pointed northward and thus away from the direction of the presumed moving earth the first
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light beam should have been affected by earth’s movement through space if the earth is moving around the sun at
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an accepted speed of 66 000 miles per hour if so the first beam would have traveled
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slower than the second beam of light but that didn’t happen both light beams
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traveled at nearly the same speed according to michelson the first beam traveled only about 1
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6 of the speed needed if the earth was moving around the sun the conclusion as
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michelson notes above should have been that the earth isn’t moving around the sun
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other prominent physicists have noted the same truth there was just one alternative the earth’s true velocity through space
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might happen to have been nil physicist arthur eddington
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the data of the michelson-morley test were almost unbelievable there was
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only one other possible conclusion to draw that the earth was at rest bernard jaffe
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thus failure of the michelson-morley experiment to observe different speeds
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of light at different times of the year suggested that the earth must be at rest and it was therefore the preferred frame
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for measuring absolute motion in space yet we have known since galileo that the
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earth is not the center of the universe why should it be at rest in space adolf
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baker the easiest explanation was that the earth was fixed in the ether and that
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everything else in the universe moved with respect to the earth and the ether such an idea was not considered
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seriously since it would mean in effect that our earth occupied the omnipotent position in the universe
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with all the other heavenly bodies paying homage by moving around it james
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coleman the michelson-morley experiment confronted scientists with an embarrassing alternative
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on one hand they could scrap the ether theory which had explained so many things about electricity magnetism and
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light or if they insisted on retaining the ether they had to abandon the still more
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venerable copernican theory that the earth is in motion too many physicists it seemed almost
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easier to believe that the earth stood still then that waves light waves electromagnetic waves
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could exist without a medium to sustain them it was a serious dilemma and one that
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split scientific thought for a quarter of a century many new hypotheses were advanced and rejected
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the experiment was tried again by morley and by others with the same conclusion the apparent
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velocity of the earth through the ether was zero
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lincoln barnett forward by albert einstein what happened when the experiment was
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done in 1887 there was never never in any orientation
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at any time of the year any shift in the interference pattern none no shift no fringe shift nothing
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what’s the implication here was an experiment that was done to measure the speed of the earth’s motion through the
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ether this was an experiment that was 10 times more sensitive than it needed to be
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it could have detected speeds as low as 2 miles per second instead of the knowing 20 miles per
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second that the earth moves on its orbital motion around the sun it
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didn’t detect it what’s the conclusion from the michelson-marley experiment the implication is that the earth is not
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moving richard wolfson michelson and marley found shifts in the interference fringes
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but they were very much smaller than the size of the effect expected from the known orbital motion of the earth
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john d norton this no result was one of the greatest puzzles of physics at the
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end of the 19th century one possibility was that velocity would be zero
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and no fringe shift would be expected but this implies that the earth is somehow a preferred object only with respect to
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the earth with the speed of light bc as predicted by maxwell’s equations
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this is tantamount to assuming that the earth is the central body of the universe
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douglas c giancolai but the die hard copernicans of that day
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were not about to accept the prima facie results of michelson’s experiment they knew the catastrophic scientific
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cultural and religious implications if it was experimentally shown that the earth is
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fixed in space in a word the whole world would have been turned upside down literally and figuratively
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pressured to provide a scientific answer to the world they searched for a way to make it appear that the first light beam did indeed
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provide 6 6 of the speed required for an earth moving around the sun
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to do so they thought up an ingenious but devious explanation as noted above
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they claimed the earth’s movement around the sun contracted the metal enclosure
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in which the first light beam traveled if the length of the housing was
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contracted then the first light beam does not need to travel as far as when the housing is not contracted
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this would account for why the speed of the two light beams did not differ much with this contrived
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explanation they proposed to the world that the contraction of michelson’s apparatus
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was the reason the earth appeared to be motionless in effect if someone said to them you
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claim the earth is moving but you admit you cannot detect that movement by any experiment
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they would retort well we can’t detect it because every time we try to do so
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the length of the experimental apparatus shrinks just enough to conceal the movement
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which makes it impossible to measure the earth’s movement again we see the fallacy of petitio
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principii in play from start to finish the whole enterprise was ad hoc
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lead contraction wasn’t even contemplated previously much less was it an established fact of
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science but in this emergency situation length contraction was invented on the spot
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so that the science establishment would have at least some hypothetical answer as to why michelson’s experiment showed
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the earth was motionless everyone could breathe a sigh of relief the irony
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as of this date is that no one has ever detected a length contraction in a moving object
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in fact modern physicists can’t even agree on what length contraction is
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or how it would be manifested since they insist the earth is moving
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around the sun yet cannot detect it moving nevertheless they needed some physical and
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mathematical way of accounting for it since there’s obviously a difference between motion and non-motion
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so length contraction became their convenient scapegoat this is the essence of the special
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relativity theory that einstein invented in 1905 it was invented solely to answer
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michelson’s experiment as einstein himself said
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to the question whether or not the motion of the earth in space can be made perceptible in terrestrial experiments
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we have already remarked that all attempts of this nature led to a negative result before the
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theory of relativity was put forward it was difficult to become reconciled by
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this negative results whereas in 1892 hendrick lawrence had
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hypothesized that the ether of space was what caused the contraction einstein decided to dispense with ether
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and attribute the cause to relative motion in effect lawrence at least proposed a
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physical cause for his claims of length contraction but einstein never explained how
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relative motion could shrink objects hence during his
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day various philosophers accused him of violating the principle of cause and effect
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so whatever the cause of the contraction in order to give the ad hoc theory some semblance of credibility
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the required amount for the metal enclosure to contract was put into a mathematical equation
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called the lawrence transform it has become the most famous and most
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used equation in modern physics essentially whatever tests disagree with their belief that the earth was moving
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around the sun could now be mathematically transformed into their desired result
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as well as give the semblance of being scientific but the transform of linked required
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another transform since they contracted the length they also had to dilate the time
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since if a moving object has its length contracted it is not going to get from point a to
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point b in the same time as when it is not contracted to increase the time of travel
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they use the same transform equation as above but since they are increasing instead of decreasing they turn the
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multiplier into a divider to get the following equation of course
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just as there is no proof that length contracts there is no proof that time dilates they just need it to make everything
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appear to balance if they are going to insist that the earth is moving around the sun when the empirical evidence says that
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it’s not it’s easy for them they just put up a theory and represented by a mathematical equation
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to erase any discrepancies the experiment shows against our theory
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the transforms are not over they must also add mass increase since if a moving object has
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its length contracted then it will have a larger mass per unit volume when it gets to point b
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so to make the mass larger they use the same exact transform equation as for time dilation
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often in the debate over the relevance of michelson’s experiment the issue of inertial frames presents itself
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an inertial frame is one in which an object is at rest or is moving in uniform motion and not
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accelerating or decelerating if the earth is moving around the sun it is a non-inertial frame
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since it is accelerating in physics all objects that move in a circle are considered accelerating
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even though they go the same speed as such one is hampered when doing experiments
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on earth due to the effects of acceleration on the apparatus so in order to make
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michelson’s experiment valid that is one that takes place in an inertial frame a relativist will create the
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inertial frame by the above transform equations once again it is easy to see the fallacy of petitio
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principia at work in their thinking for those who accept the prima facie results of michelson’s experiment
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that the earth is not moving the earth is already shown to be an inertial frame
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because it is at an absolute rest thus there is no need to create inertial frames for the earth and thus
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no need to use a transform equation incidentally we
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should note one more important facet of michelson’s experiment before we move on we saw above that the experiment showed
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only one-sixth of what was required for an earth moving around the sun this one-sixth is important for another
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reason it showed that space was composed of something substantive [Music]
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the name given to it by lawrence maxwell and all other scientists was ether
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no one knew precisely what it was composed of but they correctly deducted that space cannot be
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nothing since metaphysically nothing cannot exist space must be something composed of
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something physical although like air we cannot see it because it is invisible
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it doesn’t matter what you call it the fact is it must exist quantum mechanics has suggested that
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either’s basic component is planck particles which are 20 orders of magnitude smaller than the electron
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another type of ether may be the electron positron dipole particle which was discovered in 1932 by carl
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anderson in any case the substance of space which we call ether
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is detected in michelson’s 1881 and 1887 experiments as well as 1897 experiment with an above
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ground apparatus since light moves so fast it can serve to measure the effect on something as
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small as ether particles his interferometer was so accurate it
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could measure 100 times more than it was required to measure as such microsoft’s interferometer
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didn’t measure enough ether to match an earth moving at 66 000 miles per hour around the sun
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but it did measure a little ether otherwise his results would not have shown 1 6
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but 0 6 of ether presence michelson noted the small presence on his 1887 paper
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the actual displacement was certainly less than the 20th part of this
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and probably less than the 40th part but since the displacement is proportional
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to the square of the velocity the relative velocity of earth and ether is probably less than one-sixth of the
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earth’s orbital velocity and certainly less than one-fourth this was not good for einstein he countedly
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admitted that if any ether was detected even a little bit his theory of special relativity
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would automatically be falsified this was noted in einstein’s statement to sir hubert samuel in jerusalem
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if michaelson morley is wrong then relativity is wrong in other words einstein was forced
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to assume that because michelson did not find enough ether for an earth revolving around the sun
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then michael’s son couldn’t have found any ether but if this conclusion of einsteins was
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wrong then his whole relativity theory would be falsified automatically since even a little ether would act as
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an absolute frame and thus nullify relativity noted physicist charles lane poor of
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columbia university reiterated the problem the michaels and morley experiment forms
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the basis of the relativity theory einstein calls it decisive if it should develop that there is a measurable ether
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drift then the entire fabric of the relativity theory would collapse like a house of cards
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so einstein was banking on the hope that since michelson did not detect the required amount of ether for the earth
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moving around the sun he can conclude that the ether simply didn’t exist hence the detection of one-sixth of the
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required ether was thus conveniently chalked up to experimental air
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the facts show otherwise however every interferometer experiment
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performed from michelson in 1881 to juice in 1930 which is
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50 years of the same results from a dozen different experimenters detected one-sixth to one-tenth
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einstein was so bothered by this fact that he hired what can be called a scientific hitman
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robert shankland to seek to discredit the experiments especially the most comprehensive
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interferometer experiments performed by dayton miller between 1908
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and 1921 but at this point in time the 1910s and 1920s the world was only
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too happy to accept einstein’s series and reject anyone who challenged him after all einstein was the earth mover he made the
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earth move around the sun and thus saved mankind from having to admit the popular science had misled the
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world for over 500 years for the geocentrist the only thing left
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to answer is from where did one-sixth of ether originate the simple answer is since the universe
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with its ether is rotating around a fixed earth some of that ether spilled into
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michelson’s 1887 inferometer when he was trying to detect if the earth was moving around the sun
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this is confirmed by the fact that michelson did another experiment in 1925 in order to measure the ether movement
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for the daily rotation between space and earth in that experiment he found 6 6 of the
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required ether for a daily rotation hence it is logical to assume that the 160 found in 1887
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came from the same ether he later detected in his 1925 experiment since the ether in his 1887 experiment
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hit the interferometer orthogonally instead of linearly it would only pick up 1 6 of the total
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ether in space you will often hear modern devotees of einstein claim that he invented special
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relativity as an answer to maxwell’s equations of electrodynamics they do this because they don’t want to
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admit that einstein invented special relativity for the express purpose of making it appear the earth was moving
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around the sun they want to make it appear that einstein invented special relativity out of the pure motives
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and an independent thought process the truth is far different einstein himself admits the only reason
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he invented special relativity was due to michaelson’s discovery he writes in 1922. soon i came to the
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conclusion that our idea about the motion of the earth with respect to the ether is incorrect if we admit michaelson’s no result as a
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fact this was the first path which led me to the theory of special relativity
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be that as it may the reason the relativist wants to intrude on maxwell’s electrodynamic theory is because as it
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stands electromagnetism doesn’t show any characteristics of being relative maxwell’s experiments from 1865 show us
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that the effect of an electric coil moving over a stationary magnet is different than a magnet moving over a stationary
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electric coil and maxwell appropriately represented these different reactions by two different equations
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maxwell’s experiment and his two equations actually four equations altogether but with two main equations thus show
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that space and the reactions that occur in it are absolute not relative since it distinguishes
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between the two different effects of the electric coil and the magnet respectively since a relativist does not like
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anything absolute einstein sought to make maxwell’s experiment relative just as he tried to
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make michelson’s experiment relative to do so he used the same transform equations that he had used to make it
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appear the earth was moving as such the relativist can make it appear that any effect of electricity on
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magnetism is the same as magnetism on electricity but in reality they are not the same
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we still use maxwell’s equations today because they are correct but when the relativist uses them he
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must invariably inject the transform equations in order to make maxwell’s two absolute reactions into einstein’s one relative
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reaction without the transform equation maxwell’s findings are diametrically opposed to
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einstein’s relativity theory not surprisingly einstein was well aware that maxwell’s findings
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of the different reactions between an electric coil and a magnet are related to michelson’s unsuccessful
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attempt to discover any motion of the earth in his famous 1905 paper
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he seeks to make their respective absolute effects into relative effects he writes
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it is known that maxwell’s electrodynamics as usually understood at the present time when applied to moving bodies leads to
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asymmetries which do not appear to be inherent in the phenomena take for example the reciprocal
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electrodynamic action of a magnet and a conductor the observable phenomena here depends
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only on the relative motion of the conductor in the magnet whereas the customary view draws a sharp distinction between the two cases in
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which ether one of the bodies are in motion for if the magnet is in motion and the
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conductor is at rest then arises in the neighborhood of the magnet an electric field with a certain
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definite energy producing a current at the place where parts of the conductor are situated but if the magnet is stationary and the
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conductor is in motion no electric field arises in the neighborhood of the magnet in the conductor however we find an
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electromotive force to which in itself there is no corresponding energy but which gives rise assuming equality
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of relative emotion in the two cases discussed to electric currents of the same path
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and intensity as those produced by the electric forces in the former case examples of this sort together with the
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unsuccessful attempts to discover any motion of the earth relatively to the light medium suggests
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that the phenomena of electrodynamics as well as of mechanics possess no properties corresponding to the idea of
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absolute rest they suggest rather that as has already been shown to the first
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order of small quantities the same laws of electrodynamics and optics will be valid for all frames of
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reference for which the equations of mechanics hold good in other words since einstein firmly
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believes that the earth is moving around the sun and yet he realizes that he must have an answer for all of the unsuccessful
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attempts to discover any motion of the earth he proposes that the discrepancy can be
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dealt with by one assuming as a fact that electrodynamics and mechanics did not
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show states of absolute rest michelson did not show us a motionless earth and maxwell did not show us
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the absolute state of electricity and magnetism and two we are thus obligated to change
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what appeared to be absolute frames in michelson’s and maxwell’s experiments into relative
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frames which is noted in his phrase all frames of reference in order to do so that is in order to
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make all frames of reference to be valid einstein will use the transform equation
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which appears on page 7 of his 1905 paper as follows this is the precise equation
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used by lawrence to claim that the arm of michelson’s apparatus had shrunk with einstein
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also adding time dilation the section of the paper where this transform equation appears
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begins on page 5 with the title theory of the transformation of
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coordinates and times from a stationary system to another system
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in uniform motion of translation relativity to the former alas we don’t need to go
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searching for it einstein tells us quite candidly what he is doing he is transforming space and time from a
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stationary system a fixed earth to another system one of relativity
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in fact the word transformation appears 24 times in this paper as he applies it to every phenomena from
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time space motion electricity magnetism the doppler effect stellar aberration energy
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of light ways electron acceleration to mass increase it becomes quintessential means to
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relativize the whole universe and forever the banish the thought of a motionless earth
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as we can see it is all done by mathematics there is not one iota of physical
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empirical evidence to prove the theory in the relativist mind of course there is no need to prove their findings or to
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justify their transform since everyone knows the earth is moving around the sun
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and everything is moving and there is no object at rest unless the whole universe is relative
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in effect whenever the experiments show an absolute result the relatives can wave his magic wand
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and change it into a relative result this is the essence of special relativity theory that einstein invented
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in 1905 that einstein believes the earth is moving but has no proof for it as noted
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in his statement i have come to believe that the motion of the earth cannot be detected by any
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optical experiment though the earth is revolving around the sun
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einstein’s admission merely begs the question if one scientific basis he can’t detect
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the earth moving how does he know the earth is moving the truth is he doesn’t know he just
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assumes it to be so since that is what he has been taught since childhood in fact the transform
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equation is then invoked to make it appear as if the earth is moving around the sun
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but in reality the transform equation is just an equation that has no ability or authority to determine the issue
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hence einstein would admit in 1938 the possibility of solving these
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difficulties depends on the answer to the following question can we formulate physical laws so that
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they are valid for all coordinate systems not only those moving uniformly but also
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those moving quite arbitrarily relative to each other if this can be done our difficulties
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will be over we shall then be able to apply the laws of nature to any coordinate system
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the struggle so violent in the early days of science between the views of ptolemy and copernicus would then be
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quite meaningless either coordinate system could be used with equal justification
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the two sentences the sun is at rest and the earth moves or the sun moves and the earth is at
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rest would quite simply mean two different conventions concerning two different coordinate systems
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that is he will employ arbitrary coordinate systems to make the absolute state
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a fixed earth until either coordinate system can be used a fixed earth or a moving earth all the
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coordinate systems are created mathematically out of thin air by using the transform equation
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if they didn’t use the transform equation then they would be stuck with only one coordinate system the one michelson
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found in 1887 when the experimental evidence showed the earth wasn’t moving around the sun
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if you ask a relativist for the scientific validity of using the transform equation he will
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simply retort well the transform equation was proven to be valid when michelson did his experiment in 1887.
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again the fallacy of petitio principia as readily apparent since he is using an
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unproven fact an earth is moving around the sun as the basis for making the conclusion
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that the earth is moving around the sun the cause of the fallacy as einstein admitted above when he said
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though the earth is revolving around the sun is that they insist on using a moving
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earth which they claim to know intuitively as the indisputable authority to interpret
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michelson’s experiment consequently if one firmly believes the earth is moving but the experiments show
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it is not moving then one’s interpretation of the experiment will force one to
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find some way to make it appear that the earth is moving in effect any experiment that shows
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the earth is not moving will be math magically transformed into a moving earth
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by the transform equation the transform equation is like a magician waving his
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wand over the experiments so that the system one does not prefer
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is transformed into a system one does prefer many modern men certainly
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do not prefer a fixed earth since a fixed earth would validate much
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of the history and science prior to our modern age and would show modern man that he is not
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the objective and non-prejudice icon of society that he has enjoyed for the last few
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hundred years he is little more than a magician who has been feeding the world a steady diet of illusions
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all in all the history of the michelson experiment show how a preconceived idea the earth moves around the sun is made
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the sole determining factor of how modern scientist is going to interpret the results of any experiment
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in order to hold on to his preconceived idea he will introduce mitigating factors onto the experimental
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results and usually this is done by hypothetical concepts and fudged mathematics
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the scientist thus convinces himself that because he can invent a mathematical equation that can transform
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the empirical results he can keep his preconceived idea of how he thinks the universe must operate
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in his mind the end justify the means because he knows the earth revolves
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around the sun there is nothing that would make mankind happier than to keep believing that the
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earth moves around the sun regardless of what the experiments show their god from on high albert einstein
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showed them a magical way to avoid such a predicament and the world has accepted einstein as a god ever since
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his transform equation has become the magic wand to turn a fixed earth absolute universe
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into an earth-wandering relative universe as noted by einstein biographer
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abraham pais put it a new man appears abruptly the suddenly famous dr einstein
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he carries the message of a new order of the universe he is a new moses come down from the mountain to bring a new
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law and a new joshua controlling the motion of the heavenly bodies the new man who appears at the time
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represents order and power he becomes the theo saner the divine man
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of the 20th century